Jwala Kesha: Fire, Fury, and the Sacred Language of Divine Hair in Hindu Iconography Among the most visually arresting features in Hindu sacred sculpture is the hair rendered in the form of leaping flames. Known as Jwala Kesha, meaning flame-hair, and also referred to as Agni Kesha, this iconographic convention depicts the locks of a deity rising upward or spreading outward in tongue-shaped, tapering forms that closely resemble the movement and character of fire. Unlike the matted coils of the ascetic or the ornamental arrangement of the royal deity, Jwala Kesha is wild, expansive, and charged with elemental energy. It communicates, even before the viewer reads any other attribute of the image, that the being depicted stands beyond the ordinary boundaries of cosmic order. Scriptural and Textual Grounding The classical shilpa texts such as Manasara and Shilpa Ratna do not enumerate Jwala Kesha as a formally classified hairstyle category in the manner that jata, kuntala, or mukuta-va...