Nataraja form of Shiva, depicting the Hindu god Shiva as the cosmic dancer, is rich in symbolism and imparts profound lessons about the universe and human existence. Here are some key teachings and their deeper meanings:
1. Cycle of Creation and Destruction
Nataraja's dance symbolizes the eternal cycle of creation, preservation, and destruction. The universe is in a constant state of flux, where everything is born, lives, and eventually dissolves to give way to new forms.
- Creation: The drum (damaru) in Shiva's upper right hand represents the sound of creation, the primordial sound of the universe (Om), which initiates the creation of the cosmos.
- Preservation: The raised hand with the gesture of abhaya mudra (fearlessness) represents protection and preservation, assuring that the cosmic order is maintained.
- Destruction: The fire (agni) in his upper left hand symbolizes destruction, the necessary force to dissolve the universe and eradicate ignorance.
2. Balance of Opposites
The Nataraja form teaches the importance of balance. Shiva's dance embodies the balance between creation and destruction, order and chaos, activity and stillness.
- Dynamic and Static: While Shiva dances vigorously, his face remains calm and serene, representing the balance between dynamic action and inner stillness.
- Yin and Yang: The coexistence of opposites is necessary for the universe to function harmoniously. This balance is also a reminder for humans to find equilibrium in their own lives.
3. Overcoming Ignorance
Under Shiva's right foot lies a demon, Apasmara, symbolizing ignorance and ego. By dancing on this demon, Shiva signifies the triumph of knowledge over ignorance.
- Ego and Enlightenment: To attain spiritual enlightenment, one must overcome the ego and ignorance that bind the soul.
- Knowledge and Liberation: The suppression of Apasmara illustrates that true knowledge and awareness are key to liberation (moksha).
4. Temporal Nature of Existence
The circle of flames (prabhamandala) encircling Nataraja represents the universe's cyclical nature and the concept of time.
- Eternal Time: Time is cyclical, not linear, encompassing creation, existence, and destruction.
- Impermanence: All forms and phenomena in the universe are transient, emphasizing the importance of detachment and the understanding that change is the only constant.
5. Cosmic Dance
Shiva's dance, the Tandava, is both the dance of creation and destruction, representing the rhythm and harmony of the cosmos.
- Cosmic Rhythm: The universe functions according to a cosmic rhythm, and aligning with this rhythm leads to harmony and balance.
- Divine Play (Lila): The dance signifies the divine play, where the universe is a stage, and life is an expression of divine will.
6. Inner Journey and Spiritual Awakening
The Nataraja form encourages an inner spiritual journey and awakening.
- Inner Dance: Just as Shiva dances the cosmic dance, humans are encouraged to embark on an inner dance of self-discovery and spiritual growth.
- Awakening: This form of Shiva serves as a guide for awakening to one's true nature, beyond the physical and material realms.
7. Unity of Opposites
Shiva as Nataraja integrates various aspects of divinity and existence into a unified whole.
- Male and Female Energies: Shiva embodies both masculine and feminine energies, suggesting the integration of both aspects within oneself.
- Physical and Spiritual: The dance combines physical movement with spiritual symbolism, highlighting the connection between the physical world and spiritual realms.
In essence, the Nataraja form of Shiva is a profound representation of the cosmic processes, the unity and balance of opposites, the cycle of life and death, and the path to spiritual enlightenment. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of the physical world and the importance of seeking inner knowledge and balance.