Goddess Bhavatarini is a revered form of the Divine Mother in Hinduism, particularly associated with the deity Kali. The name Bhavatarini translates to "the one who helps the soul cross the ocean of samsara," where samsara refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Bhavatarini is worshiped as a manifestation of Kali, who is the fierce embodiment of time, change, destruction, and the protective aspects of the Divine Mother.
The temple at Dakshineswar in Kolkata, India, houses a famous image of Bhavatarini, where she is worshiped as the main deity. This temple is historically significant, especially due to its connection with Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, one of the greatest spiritual figures in Hinduism. He worshiped Bhavatarini as the Divine Mother and had mystical experiences through her grace.
Importance and Symbolism
Liberator from Samsara: Bhavatarini is deeply symbolic as the divine force that liberates the soul from the endless cycle of reincarnation, freeing individuals from the clutches of maya (illusion) and karma (the consequences of one's actions). She guides the soul toward ultimate salvation or moksha.
Motherly Protection: While Kali can be fearsome in her appearance—depicted with dark skin, a garland of skulls, and a fierce countenance—her form as Bhavatarini underscores her nurturing, protective side. As a mother helps her child navigate challenges, Bhavatarini helps devotees navigate the trials of life and transcend suffering.
Symbol of Divine Power: Bhavatarini, like Kali, represents Shakti, or the feminine power of the universe. She symbolizes the ability to face, conquer, and destroy ignorance and ego. As such, she is a deity that empowers and transforms her devotees.
Connection to the Guru: Bhavatarini is intricately linked to the concept of the guru or spiritual teacher, as seen in the case of Ramakrishna, who had divine visions of her. She represents the Divine Mother who, like a guru, leads seekers toward enlightenment.
Modern-Day Relevance
In today's world, the worship of Bhavatarini has gained even more relevance as a symbol of divine guidance, strength, and liberation from the materialistic and often chaotic aspects of modern life. People seek her blessings to overcome personal struggles, break free from emotional bondage, and find peace amidst worldly pressures.
The teachings of Ramakrishna and his experiences with Bhavatarini have inspired countless spiritual seekers, both in India and abroad, through the Ramakrishna Mission. The deity serves as a reminder of the transcendent power of faith and devotion in overcoming life's difficulties.
Pujas, Worship, and Mantras
Worship Rituals (Pujas):
- Devotees offer flowers, fruits, sweets, and light lamps to the goddess during daily rituals and special celebrations.
- During the Kali Puja and Navaratri, Bhavatarini is worshiped with elaborate rituals that include chanting, offering of bhog (food), and aarti.
- Many devotees observe fasts and pray for her blessings to help overcome personal obstacles and for spiritual growth.
Mantras:
One of the most common mantras to invoke Bhavatarini is:
ॐ काली महाकालि कल्याणि कल्याण रूपिणि। सर्वोपद्रव नाशाय देवी भुवनेश्वरी नमः॥ Om Kali Mahakali Kalyani Kalyana Rupini Sarvopadrava Nashaya Devi Bhuvaneshwari Namah॥This mantra invokes the goddess for protection and the destruction of obstacles.
Another popular mantra associated with Kali and Bhavatarini is:
ॐ क्रीं कालिकायै नमः॥ Om Krim Kalikayai Namah॥This is a bija mantra (seed mantra) used in Kali worship and is believed to carry deep spiritual power.
Lesser Known Facts about Bhavatarini
Dakshineshwar Temple: The famous Dakshineshwar Kali Temple, where Bhavatarini is worshiped, was built in 1855 by Rani Rashmoni, a philanthropist and devotee. The temple became a major pilgrimage site due to its connection with Ramakrishna and the goddess.
Significance of Her Form: Bhavatarini’s idol at Dakshineshwar depicts Kali with a slightly less fierce demeanor than in her typical depictions, showcasing her as both the destroyer of evil and the compassionate, nurturing mother who cares for her children.
Connection with Ramakrishna’s Visions: Sri Ramakrishna had several mystical experiences where he directly communed with Bhavatarini, which led him to the realization that all deities and forms of the Divine ultimately lead to the same supreme truth.
Similar Goddesses in Hinduism
Maa Durga: Bhavatarini shares similarities with Durga, another fierce yet motherly form of the Goddess. Like Bhavatarini, Durga is also worshiped for protection, victory over evil, and spiritual strength. Both are seen as warriors and nurturers, embodying the power of Shakti.
Parvati: Bhavatarini is an aspect of Kali, who in turn is a form of Parvati, the consort of Shiva. Parvati, especially in her Annapurna (giver of nourishment) form, is often invoked for blessings of nourishment and protection, similar to Bhavatarini.
Tara: In certain Tantric traditions, Tara is another fierce goddess who is invoked for liberation and protection. Tara, like Bhavatarini, is considered a savior who helps her devotees cross the ocean of samsara and attain liberation.
Goddess Bhavatarini holds profound significance as a divine guide and protector. Her worship offers a powerful path for those seeking liberation from the cyclical nature of life and death, and she serves as a symbol of spiritual awakening, transformation, and maternal love. Devotion to Bhavatarini, along with the performance of her rituals and mantras, continues to be a meaningful part of the Hindu tradition, especially for those facing life's challenges and seeking spiritual upliftment.